A different tour of Rome. Civis Romanus sum

We spoke once of legends about the Colosseum. Here is another story. So, legends tells that the name of this monument derives from a colossus of Nero, a statue, that was very high and big; infact when Vespasiano (the emperor who built the Colosseum) changed the head of it, because of the hate of roman people against Nero, he had to make a very expensive and hard job. Infact he wanted to replace Nero with Apollus, the god of the sun; in particular behind the head of it, there were 7 ray of light, that to respect the proportion were of 21 feet. But this statue was also wrapped by a mystical and magic attention: infact a legend tells us that this statue was possessed by one of the most terrifying demons, imprisoned by priests. These priests, when a devout was in front of the colossum, asked him: "Colis eum?" (do you adore him?) (someone says that the name derives from it Colis eum -> colisseum) ; whatever was the response, the fortune of the devout was different. The power of this idol was so big that the he was able to blow a freezing wind or a hot one, and moreover, during the day it was able to follow the rotation of the sun. Among devouts of it, there was Rossana, the wife of a roman king called Austerio, in the period when Roban was emperor (still today, no one is able to say who was Rabon). Anyway, Rossana wanted a son, but after a lot of years she was still barren; so one day she went to the statue to ask a son. The scary voice of it, said that she had to give a lot of jewels and money as sacrifice to the differents gods of Rome and in 9 months she will have a son, who will be called Olimpiodoro. But even if she did it, she wasn't pregnant after a whole year. When she felt totally desperate, she saw christians going to death, with a smile on their faces, and she was surprised seeign it and so a night she said with her heart out "Mary of Christians, let me have a baby!". She was surprised by her same words, but after nine months she birthed a baby, who was called Sebastiano, like the martyr. For more information post me a comment or e-mail me. Dblk

Today I'm gonna tell you the most famous legend of Rome, the legend of Campidoglio's (Rome townhall) gooses. We are in the 390 b.C. and Rome was besieged from a barbaric army led by Brenno. They have already surrounded the Campidoglio and they were looking for a passage to enter the palace in which there were the last romans (the others went to Vejo and Caere when the enemies were close to the city). The only hope for Rome was the leader Marco Furio Camillo, but he was exiled in Ardea for his political positions and it was difficult to contact him; anyway a man was able to reach him, but when he came back to Rome, enemies saw him accessing the Campidoglio from a secret passage. So, they were going to enter the city when the gooses of the temple of Juno (a divinity, the wife of Zeus) started to make a lot of noises; it's important to remark that they were the last group of animals (the others were dead because of the siege) because they were consecrated to Juno and she was a protector of Rome. Because of these noises Marco Manlio, an ex consul, noticed the army and he called out his troups expelling them. Meanwhile Furio Camillo was reaching Rome with his army and the barbaric army was loosing a lot of battles; so Brenno, cleverly, said that his army was ready to leave Rome if the city would give them 1000 pounds of gold. Romans decided to pay, but when they were ready to give the gold, they noticed that the balance was set wrongly (enemies wanted to cheated them); so they protested, but Brenno, put his iron sword on the balance demanding a bigger weight of gold and said: "Vae Victis" (Losers must be careful). But while romans were looking for the other gold, Furio Camillo reached Rome with his army and keeping his sword in his hand in front of Brenno, said: "Non auro sed ferro, recuperanda est patria" (Not with the gold, but with the iron, we can redeem our country). So with his army he fighted off Brenno. Fro more informations post me. Dblk

Today we'll talk about one of the most famous churches of Rome. The basilica of S. Giovanni in Laterano (S. John Lateran). There are a lot of mysteries that are all around this holy palace; in effect the Lateran was the most acient residence of the Pope and it's easy to understan how a lot of legends are born from this palace, in a time in which this was the centre of the story, of Rome and of the world. Let's start from the name: Lateran. This name became from the latin "lata rana". One day Nero, was planning about having a baby; but he was so self-centred that he pretended to birth his/her baby himself. So he summoned wisemen and wizards and he threatened them: "I'll kill you all if you will be not able to make me have a baby". So one of them was so scared that he had a sharp plan; he gave a strong potion to Nero, in which there was hided a little frog. The frog started to grow inside the belly of Nero and the emperor felt a terrible pain inside. So after a little time he summoned again his council to solve his problem and they gave him a strong laxative potion; suddenly the frog came out and the emperor kissed it and said that it was his son. So the roman people started to say "Lata rana", born frog and so this name became the title of the zone in which Nero had his labor pains. This story ends one day when the frog escaped in a little river; Nero became so nervous that he ordered to kill a lot of children to have a revenge against all the little sons of Rome (but there are no real evidences abut this last fact). For more informations, post me a comment or contact me. A personal note: my pc had a virus so if you sent me an e-mail (from july till now), please sent me the e-mail again and I will replace you (I've also lost all the e-mail addresses especially the one of a university teacher). Dblk

Today Rome celebrates the festivity of its two protectors: Saint Peter and Saint Paul. All the city (especially near the Vatican) it's decorated and there are hundreds stands. But why they are protectors of Rome? We are in the V century and Attila the king of huns was planing to invade Rome. So he took his troups and started to go to the city. Anyone in the city was worried because of him, also the Pope. So Leone I (the pope) with Trigezio and Avienno (two very important men) decided to go near the Po (the most important river of Italy) to stop him before he had reached Rome. The story tells that when they met Attila near Governolo (a little city) suddenly Saint Peter and Saint Paul came down from the sky with two flaming swords to protect the Pope and Rome from their enemy. Attila was so scared that immediately left his intent and Italy. Since that the day Saint Peter and Saint Paul are the protector of Rome. Ps: the image you can see, it's a paint of the event made by Borgani in the church of Governolo. For more post me a comment or e-mail me.

Today the Church celebrate the festivity of SS. Nereo and Achilleo. Those were two romans soldiers or most probably two servants of Flavia Domitilla the granddaughter of the Emperor Domiziano, one of the Flavi's noble family. They were converted to Christianity by Saint Peter during his permanence in Rome. Their owner one day made a vow of castity, and so they convinced her to honour her promise by giving up a marriage with the son of a consul. This man, angry, convinced the Emeperor Domiziano to punish them: infact they were exiled with Flavia Domitilla on the isle of Ponza. When Traiano became the Emperor they escaped in Terracina: here they still didn't want to convince Flavia to renunce to her vow, so Nereo and Achilleo were condemned to be decapitated. Their body were buried in the cemetery of Domitilla, but later they were moved in the a church called Titulus fasciolae. The name of this church derives from some bendages (fasciolae) that were found near Porta Capena (a door of the walls of Rome). These bendages were of Saint Peter. We talked about his permanence in Rome (here and here); in particular these were the ones that he had to cover his wounds and he lost them during his escape and the legend tells that these bondages are miracles. For more, post me or e-mail me. Dblk

Today is the anniversary of the foundation of Rome. Infact in the 753 b.C. (April 21 as said from Varrone, a latin poet) two twins decided to build a new city. They were sons of a vestal named Rea Silvia. A vestal was a woman, a priestess who had to keep her virginity as a vow to Vesta, the divinity of the fire, preserver of the city and of every home. Her fire was lighted on March 1 and it was considered as a sign of the goodwill of Vesta; for this reason a vestal had to be the curator of this fire, a sign more important than her life. But we was talking about Rea Silvia. She was the most beautiful woman of Rome, but she wanted to keep her vow to the goddess; once she went in the forest and here she met Mars, the god of war who fell in love with her and lied with her. Their love was big and after 9 months she had two twins and called them Romolo and Remo; but at the same time she had betrayed the vow of virginity and for this reason she was condemned to be buried alive. The fate of the twins was different. They were dumped in the Tevere, the river of Rome, but they were saved from the roots of a fig tree. They sucked the milk of the tree and ate its fruits. Then when the splate of the river disappeared, arrived near them a female of a wolf that nursed them as two cubs. They were adopted from a shepherd, Faustolo, and form his wiìfe, Acca Larenzia. The two twins raised in this poor family, but one day the true came out. They discovered that their mother was the daughter of the acient king of Alba Longa (the city in which they live), Numitore, who was overthrown by his brother Amulio. So they decided to have their vendetta; they organized a little army and killed the king of Alba Longa. Numitore now was the king again and his grandsons asked him if they could build a new city. Once he told them that they could, Romolo and Remo arrived in a place near the Tevere. This place have a lot of hills and to decide in which of those hills the city had built they decided to see the flight of birds (this was a magic art). Romolo was the favorite one from this art and so he traced some furrows for the city on the Palatino (one of the hills, picture). Those furrows had to be not passed, but Remo did it and derided his brother; after this event the twins fought each other and Romolo killed Remo with his sword. Since that day Romolo was crowned king of Rome. For more information post me a comment or e-mail me. Ps: the famous statue of the wolf of Rome, it's the same on the right column. Dblk

Happy Easter! Buona Pasqua! Today it's the most important festivity for the Chritian world. The word Pasqua derives from the latin world Pascha and from the Hebrew Pesach that means passage. Once this feast was celebrated every sunday (because of its importance), but during the II century a. C. the Council of Nicea decided that this festivity should be celebrated only once during the year in a period between March 22 and April 25. In particular to choose the day of Pasqua it needs to calculate the first sunday after the first fool moon after the vernal equinox. There are a lot of symbols in this day. First the lamb. This rember the release of the Jewish people from the Egypt; infact Moses ordered to sacrifice a lamb to God just before the escape. But the lamb it's also a symbol for Jesus, pure and innocent victim. The second sign it's the egg. This is a symbol of renaissance, but it also represents the possibility of eat meal again because Jesus it's resurrected (infact every friday during the period before the Easter, Christians can't eat the meal) and this symbolize the center of the christian religion. Once the eggs were taken to be blessed before to give them to somebody as a sign of opulence. The last symbol is the dove. In the tradition this was usual to be shown just during the Pentecost (a feast in which the Spirit of God, represented with a dove, descended on the humanity), but today you can see it also during the Easter. For more, post me a comment or e-mail me. Dblk

In the 352 Pope Liberio was intent on fighting the eresy of Ario. But the popular tradition seemed to forget this situation and about this period tells us one of the most famous fact of the religious story of Rome. There were a nobleman called Giovanni and his wife that weren't able to have a child. So they prayed Mary to give them a son. They promised to Her for this miracle anything She wanted from them. During the night of the 5 of August they dreamed the Mother of Jesus. She told them that they will have to build a church in the place where the following day they'd had found the snow. Also Pope Liberio that night made this dream. The 6 of August the both of them found a rectangle of snow on the hill of the quarter Esquilino. So they built a Church here and called it Santa Maria Maggiore. This is now one of the most important church of Rome (this is a Basilica). If you hadn't notice it, I remark you that it's very difficult that it could snow during the summer. Also the famous roman poet Belli wrote a poetry in the roman slang about this event.

La Madon de la neve è una Madonna

The (church of) Madonna of the snow is a Madonna

so different from the (church) of the Madonna dei Monti

da quell'antra vicin'a Ttor de Conti

and from (the church) near Tor de Conti (a quarter)

e da quella der Zasso a la Ritonna.

and from (the church) near the Ritonna (a quarter).

Sopra de lei m'arriccontava nonna,

About it my grandmother was usual to tell me,

between more other beautiful stories,

a real story that will make stay without words.

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Ciovè che un cinqu'agosto, a ora certa,

Id est that the 5 of August, in a special hour,

nevigò iun zimetria su lo sterrato

It snowed in a geometric way on the floor

fra Villa Strozzi e 'r Palazzo Caserta.

between Villa Strozzi and Palace Caserta.

E intanto un papa s'inzoggnò un sprennore;

Meanwhile the Pope dreamed a brightness;

e "va'", s'intese dì: "dov'ha fioccato"

"go" he heard a voice "in the place where it snowed

fa' fabbrica SSanta MAria Maggiore".

you have to make built Santa Maria Maggiore".

Ps: the picture you see was painted from Matthias Grunewald to celebrate this event. For more information post me a comment or email me. Dblk

Maybe, once in your life, you have heard the latin quote Domine, quo vadis? The story of this sentence it's very particular. We are in Rome (as you could imagine). We are in the I century after Christ, Nero is reigning on the throne and he is persecuting christians. San Peter it's just escaped from his jail and now is trying to leave Rome. Suddenly, while he was walking he saw Jesus. Scared and happy at the same time to see his Magister, aked Him: "Domine, quo vadis? (Signore, dove vai? Lord, where are you going?). Jesus looked at him and replaced: "I'm going to Rome, to be crucefixed again". Peter looked at Him astonished: "You will be crucifixed again?". Jesus answered: "Yes, I will be crucifixed again". Saint Peter, the man who revealed the real nature of Christ, finally understood those words; infact he immediately said: "Lord, I'm coming back to Rome to follow you!". In that moment Jesus rised up to the sky and the first Pope, looked His Lord in His holy brightness; now he felt consuled and he knew what he had to do. He saw that his duty was to come back to Rome to glorify Jesus with his martyrdom; so he went to in the city and here he was crucifixed counter. This was the story. Today in the place where Saint Peter met Jesus, there is the church of "Domine, quo vadis?". In this church there is the copy of a stone (the original is in the church of San Sebastiano) with the mark of the feet of Jesus. Ps: if you want to e-mail me write to dblk1@hotmail.it (this is also my MSN code). For more post me a comment. Dblk

A legend said that when the situation in the M.O. gets dangerous, suddenly a man appear: he is an old man, with a long white beard and thicks hair. He has a lot of names: someone call him Joseph, others John, others Assuero. The legend tells he is immortal and that he lives since the Passion of Jesus. But, who is this man and why is immortal? The story tells that when Jesus was walking in the Calvary He was so exhaust that He had a rest near a workshop; a lot of people insulted Him meanwhile soldiers were hitting Him. The owner of the workshop was a disciple of Jesus, but he didn't want to be recognized, so when he heard that clamor, came out and told to Jesus: "Come on, go away from here! Don't settle here! Hurry up!". Once He heard him, Christ replaced: "Well, I will settle soon, but you won't do it until my return". Suddenly, just after Jesus was crucified, this man was taken by an uncontrollable power that imposed him to start walking. So, since that day he is still walking around the world. But this is a blog about Rome. We are in the 1944. Nazies have occupied Rome. In all the city German soldiers were looking for Jewish men and others Romans. Someone told that a troop arrested 17 men. Since the moment they were banged up they knew they'll probably die the same day. When they were already resigned to this idea appeared a man with the unmistakable traits of an old Jewish. He came near a guard and told him that he was the one they were looking for and that he will tell anything they want, but before of doing it they had to release everyone. When they did it, the men was interrogated and since he didn't knew really anything just said to be guilty. The verdict was death warrant. Soldiers prepare their weapons to kill him, but at the moment of shooting the old man got down on his knees, united his hands and then he raised them up to the sky and disappeared. If you want to know more, post me. Dblk

Today is the feast of the Epiphany. Epiphany is a christian feast intended to celebrate the shining forth or revelation of God to mankind in human form, in the person of Jesus. The observance had its origins in the eastern Christian churches, and included the birth of Jesus; the visit of the three Magi, or Wise Men (traditionally named Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar) who arrived in Bethlehm. But in Rome there is also a second feast. This is the feast of the Befana (whose name derives from Epiphany). The origin of this tradition derives from ancient pagan costume. But, who is the Befana? The Befana is an old woman who gives gifts, just like the 3 Magi did with Jesus. She wears a big black full skirt, an apron, a shawl, a kerchief or a hat in bad condition on her head, a pair of slobs shoes. During the night between the 5 and the 6 of January, riding a broom with a sack full of toys, chocolate and candies, she goes into the house of every child and fills stockings with her gifts. Children prepare for her a mandarin or an orange and a glass of wine; in the morning of the 6, they will find a consumed meal and the hand-mark of the Befana. But they could also have a bad surprise: infact if they are bad children, they will find carbon instead of prsents. If you went in Rome during these days, I recommend you to visit Piazza Navona: infact, this square, for this feast, is filled with hundreds of newsagents. A last thing: the Befana, for the tradition, lives in Via Padella, 2 in Rome. For more informations, post me. Dblk

Happy new year! For the new year in Rome (and in Italy) we use to hurl from the window old things. This tradition wants to erase the bad things of the last year to start a new good one. We just chuck little things (for example the tap of a bottle), but if you go in the southern Italy you can see also straw chairs and little closets. Dblk

Vi auguro un Buon Natale, sperando che i vostri sogni si avverino. I wish you a Merry Christmas, and I hope all your dreams will come true. So, it's Christmas time and here is a story about it. The origin of the festivity of this day it's been very talked-about. At the end of the III century Christmas was celebrate in differents dates: March 28, April 18, May 29 or January 6. It seems to be sure that in Rome this festivity was honuored the December 25 since the IV century, under the pontificate of Pope Liberio, but just with Giulio II this became the official date. For the choise of this day had a lot of importance the civil calendar of Romans: infact in this date there was (for this calendar) the winter solstice also called "Dies natalis solis invicti" (Natale del Sole Invitto, Birth of the invincible Sun). Christians wanted to overlap to this pagan day of the Sun the birth of the real sun, Christ, that was called Sole di Giustizia (Sun of Justice). The tradition of the mistletoe derives from a Celtic usance: infact it was considered as gift of the gods, because it had no roots and it grew as a parasite on a branch of another plant. A legend tells that it could be found in a place where a thunderbolt was fallen (it's a symbol of a descent of a divinity and so of immortality). So this divine nature of the mistleoe, inspired christians and it became a symbol of Jesus: like this plant is a guest of a tree, so Christ is a guest of the humanity. Buon Natale. Merry Christmas. For more, post me. Dblk

Rome is a city full of superstitions and legends as you can see reading this blog. Some derives from the religious faith others from the popular one. Here are some of them. If you see a priest or a white horse when you are just got out from your house, it takes a lot of luck and, especially if you see a hunch-backed with two humps, everything in your day will be fine (moreover you have to touch the hump of him); but if he has just one hump you will be unlucky. To avoid the plight you have to make the horns with your hand (in particular with the forefinger and the little finger). If you want to be lucky, you have just to put a nut or a hazelnut or a chestnut in your pockets; instead if you want to take a little bit of fortune in your house just try to find a lizard with three tails (but it's very difficult to discover one of them) and take it alive in your habitation; another tradition to become lucky is to put a shoe (especially if you find one of them in the street) behind the door. A last thing: once you hear the Ave Maria (it's a ring of the bell of a church that remembers to pray at 6:00 pm) don't sweep because if you do it with the dust you will erase the fortune too. For more, post me. Dblk

"Giovedì 26. Festa di S. Anna, ed alle 12 cadde pioggia impetuosa. Siamo nell'anno del Signore 1731. Francesco Valesio". Our story starts with the words of a narrator of the XVII Century, who describes a famous event. "Thursday 26. Holy day of S. Anna and since noon it was raining a lot. We are in the year of Lord 1731. Francesco Valesio". This is the portraying of a rainy day in Rome, in particular we are in the jail of Palazzo Senatorio, near the Campidoglio. A busboy of a barber was arrested because of a rough-and-tumble and he was put in this prison. He was in his cell when he noticed that he wasn't alone: with him infact there was an old man, with a long white beard, in full dress. The young boy asked the reason why he was in this place and the man started to tell his story: he was a senator who lived during the age of Giulius Cesar. The young boy was so gentle that the other man decided to give him a golden coin. The boy surprised from his generosity (moreover he didn't believe the senator was a ghost) asked him other money. The senator said that before doing it, he wanted to put flats out of the cell so the guardian won't get hungry and that he will be back for the ispection time. Anyway the guardian went near the cell of the busboy sooner and when he found the flats outside, he tought that the young man was escaped; but when he went into the cell he found him here. He was surprised, but the prisoner told him about his mate. The guardian obviously told him that he had no mate in this cell, so the both of them was surpised and a little of bit scared. When the senator came back, told to the boy that by telling everything to the guardian he just lost the opportunity to become rich; he said that he had 3 boxes full of money for him and then he showed them; the boy was petrified and he was just looking the boxes on the floor and then he saw the senator living the cell. So he screamed, but when the guardian arrived the senator was disappeared and on the floor there were just 3 bricks. The ghost of this senator appeared again to other prisoners, living, the most of times, just the bricks. For more, post me. Dblk

Romans call "madonnelle" (little Madonnas) those icons put in a wall of a street; you can find more than 500 icons in Rome, especially in the old town centre, but once they were thousands. Most of them are dedicate to the Mother Mary; this custom derives from the usance of the acient romans to build "lares compitales", altars dedicated to a pagan deity. Romans are very wedded to them because those icons made a lot of miracles during years. The most famous miracle happened in the 1796: from July 9 for 3 weeks these pictures of Mary started to move their eyes. During this time, french troops were close to invade the city, so romans thought that it was a very bad omen (infact 2 years after this event, Rome was attacked from France). Now you can think that is just a legend, but during these facts the Church made a serious enquiry to prove the miracle (infact not all the icons were recognized as living miracles). According to the descriptions of the inquiry started from the religious authorities, in some cases the movement of the eyes happened from right on the left, in others was vertical; in the same days in which the above-mentioned icons continued to move their eyes, another one situated in via Baccina (behind the area of the Imperial Holes) made revive a flowers bucket. For more, post me. Dblk

If you come in Rome and you want to eat (especially if you are guest in a house), it's good to you to know what you can do or not when yuo are eating. First you don't have to cross culteries because it's very ill-omened: that's because it remembers the death of Jesus. If you make fall the salt it's a bad thing: infact a legend tells that when you will die you'll spend 7 years in purgatory (to avoid it, pick up the salt or dump it behind your shoulders). When you sit down near the table to eat with friends, you must be more or less than 13, because if you don't, during the year, the littlest or another one of those that ate with you will die. When you are a guest you don't have, at the end of the meal, fold the napkin because if you do it, you won't come back in that house again. A last thing: keep in your mind that when the table is set, you can't play any game, because on a set table soldiers played with the dress of Jesus. For more, post me. Dblk

Piazza del Gesù (the square of Jesus) is probably the most windy place of Rome; but there is a particular motive to explain it. In Rome there is a legend that tells that once the devil and the wind were walking together in this area and when they arrived near the Church of Jesus, the devil said to his mate: "Wait for me here. I have to make some damage there. I'll be back". Since that day, the devil never came out and the wind is still waiting for him. That's why this place is so windy. For more, post me. Dblk

The church of San Paolo fuori le Mura was consecrated in the 324 by Pope Silvestro with the will of Emperor Costantine; here there is buried the body of Saint Paul. In this basilica you can see a series of images (icons) of popes, 266 exactly; but here there are still some empty spaces, that will be filled with the faces of future popes. So, there are still 28 empty spaces and a legend tells that when them will be stuffed, there will be the end of the world. For more, post me. Dblk

Two thousand years ago, in Rome, a new cult was getting famous. Practiced in caves, it tells about a god that was born December 25 from a Virgin; he preached a message of brotherhood and solidarity. This god before leaving earth, made a last supper with his disciples, breaking bread and giving wine to them, then he ascended: he was 33 and his name was Mithra. This is a difficult research that I made, first going to the church of San Clemente, near the Colosseum: infact, under this church, there was a temple dedicated to this god. So, what is this cult? Let me make an example: immagine for a moment that today instead of Christianity, there is the cult of Mithra. This could be a Mass. Instead of the crucifix, there is the immage of Mithra killing the cosmic bull (plants and animals are born from its blood); near this picture there is a simulacrum of the sun (symbol of the god of the sun, friend of Mithra). There is a "pater" (for the priest) with two men close to him: Claute, with a torchlight put up to symbolize the sunrise, Cautopate, with a tochlight put down to simbolize the sunset (this cult give a lot of importance to astronomy and astrology). Just after the preaching, there is a theatrical representation: for example about Zeus. The bread, in fine, is given from men with a mask of a crow while faithfuls are lying down on beds. I have to say that this was a secret religion and that it was revealed just to some people: moreover to know anything about it, it had to reach the first extent. There were, infact, a lot of degrees: when a man (there were not women) joined it, became a Crow, protected from Mercury, then he got a Nymphus (symbolize from a grub or a snake that is changing its skin) under the protection of Venus. Then there were the Miles (soldier) under Mars: to became it, a man should steal a sword from another man during a battle. The Lion, under Zues, was the next level; then there were the Persian, safeguard from the Moon, the Eliodromus fostered from the Sun and, at last, the most important extent, the Pater (father) who was the minister protected again from Mercury. I have to add that sometimes (very few times) there were women: they became Hyenas or they followed the same path of men. At the end, what are the differences from Christianity and the cult of Mithra? I have to start from the similarity: in addition to the incipit, both of them baptize with water and promise a resurrection; Mithra, just like Moses and S. Peter, made streamed water from rocks. There are, anyway, differences and explanations: Mithra was born from a rock, but years later this was probably associated to Jesus'cave. The birth date of Mithra (december 25) was used for the one of Jesus because it was the festivity of the sun and it was near the winter solstice (moreover it was used from other religions too). Baptizing with water was common and the resurrection was pointed up from disciples of Mithra to scoop christians (moreover they believed in the reincarnation and so they were vegetarian). There are not evidences of the life of Mithra, instead there are of the one of Christ. Lastly a quote of the historian Ernest Renan: "If Christianity was been stopped from a chronic disease, maybe today we'd believe in Mithra". For more informations, post me. Dblk